Solid waste management in Canadian municipalities: A snapshotExpanding responsibility for producers to include the post-consumer stage of their products is a key solution for financial and environmental sustainability in the waste sector. That’s one finding of this Green Municipal Fund (GMF) report highlighting waste sector trends, key factors affecting municipalities’ ability to drive change, and best practices with economic, social and environmental benefits.

This snapshot focuses on practices that fall into four categories:

  • circular economy approaches
  • new technologies
  • integrated solid waste programming
  • mandatory and economic instruments

The City of Beaconsfield, QC provides an example of the last category. They piloted a highly successful pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste collection system that allows people to choose a smaller bin or less frequent pick-up and save money in the process. The results: 50 percent less landfill waste and cost savings of 40 percent to the municipality.

In addition to the emphasis on extended producer responsibility (EPR), the report draws several other conclusions, including:

  • Global partnerships among large municipalities will continue to drive change.
  • Organics diversion is becoming more mainstream and has the potential for significant emission reductions.
  • Public awareness and targeted education in the industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) sector can facilitate success with new projects.

Find more details, examples and conclusions in the report.

About the Green Municipal Fund

The Green Municipal Fund is a $1 billion program, delivered by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and funded by the Government of Canada. Through its unique mix of training, resources and funding, GMF fuels local initiatives that build better lives for millions of Canadians while tackling pressing environmental and climate challenges.

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A healthy and resilient urban forest depends on a strong urban forest management plan (UFMP). A UFMP helps municipalities grow resilient and more connected. It serves as a roadmap to ensure the urban forest provides maximum social, environmental and economic benefits to the entire community.  

Our guide will help you develop and implement a plan that promotes long-term sustainability and wellbeing for your community. This guide is designed for municipal staff working to create a long-term plan or strategy focused on managing, enhancing and sustaining urban forests.  

This comprehensive guide will help you: 

Cover photo of Urban Forest management plan guide
  • Identify who should be involved in the creation and implementation of your plan.    
  • Explain the importance of proactive research and planning in urban forestry.
  • Compile and assess key data and information that drive your urban forest priorities.  
  • Engage your community and develop a shared vision for your municipality’s urban forest.  
  • Set goals, targets and actions for urban forest management.  
  • Determine how you will implement your plan.

Each of these topics are explained in depth, covering the multiple considerations and details required for a strong urban forest management plan.

Download the guide 

These resources were created in partnership by Tree Canada and FCM’s Green Municipal Fund (GMF) for the Growing Canada’s Community Canopies initiative, which is delivered by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and funded by the Government of Canada.

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Is your municipality looking for ways to turn organic waste into opportunity? Anaerobic digestion offers a practical, cost-effective way to manage source-separated organics. It diverts waste from landfills, generates renewable energy from biogas and recycles nutrients back into the soil through digestate. This technology complements composting and recycling, giving municipalities concrete tools to achieve waste management and circular economy goals.

Watch our webinar recording on Advancing climate goals with organic waste-to-energy for a practical exploration of how municipalities can use anaerobic digestion, biogas and digestate to turn organic waste into local value. The session equips participants and project partners with foundational knowledge, real-world insights and success stories to support informed decisions about local organic waste-to-energy opportunities. Whether your municipality is just starting to explore options or ready to evaluate next steps, this recording helps you move concepts toward implementation.

Watch the webinar recording to learn how to:

  • Combine anaerobic digestion and composting systems to divert municipal waste from landfills.
  • Turn biogas into local renewable energy and put digestate to work enriching soil.
  • Apply best practices from real municipal case studies.
  • Navigate key funding, permitting and governance considerations.
  • Identify organic waste-to-energy opportunities that fit your municipality’s context and goals.

Panelists:

  • Trisha Aldovino, Process Analyst, Azura Associates
  • David Ellis, President, Azura Associates

This webinar was delivered in English with simultaneous interpretation in French.

The Green Municipal Fund (GMF), funded by the Government of Canada, helps municipalities turn organic waste into local value by providing funding and practical guidance on anaerobic digestion, biogas and digestate solutions.

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A growing number of municipalities have been building climate adaptation strategies into municipal plans—but turning those plans into tangible infrastructure projects can be challenging.

Join us for this webinar to explore tools and insights that can help your municipality move from planning to implementation. You’ll hear from staff working with or for municipalities across Canada on how they’ve approached project prioritization and turned plans into action. Whether you’re part of a small, medium or large community, you’ll come away with strategies to identify and prioritize infrastructure projects that strengthen local climate resilience.

What you’ll gain:

  • Strategies how to identify and prioritize climate adaptation infrastructure projects that align with municipal plans and budgets.
  • Guidance on tools and resources to support project prioritization and implementation.
  • Insights to navigate common challenges and uncover opportunities when advancing from planning to action along the way.

Featured tools and resources:

  • Adaptation Actions to Implement Climate Resilience: A GMF resource to help municipalities identify actions to take to address climate risks in your community.
  • Climate Insight: A free online platform for Canadian communities to find relevant, actionable data and information on building low-carbon, resilient housing and infrastructure.
  • Getting Ready to Finance Toolkit: Designed to help municipal practitioners prepare resilient infrastructure projects for financing, it contains tools to identify and prioritize infrastructure projects and case studies of projects that can be done with innovative financing.

This session is designed for municipal staff and elected officials who have completed their climate adaptation planning and are ready to take the next step towards implementation.

Speakers:

  • Ewa Jackson, Managing Director, ICLEI Canada
  • Shawn Dias, Director of Parks and Urban Forestry, City of Morden, MB
  • Derry Wallis, Climate Change and Energy Specialist, County of Huron, ON
  • Rachel Mitchell, Director of Community Climate Initiatives, Clean Foundation

The webinar will be delivered in English with simultaneous interpretation in French (SI).

Register now

Related Resources

Factsheet: Planning for climate-resilient infrastructure

Learn how to protect your infrastructure from climate impacts

Read more

Adaptation Actions to Implement Climate Resilience

Discover projects to reduce your community’s climate vulnerabilities and risks

Read more

Factsheet: Why equity matters in municipal climate adaptation

Explore the importance of taking on equity-centred climate adaptation work

Read more

When Tannis and Mark moved into their Guelph home, they were drawn to its unique 1970s design. With large windows and roof overhangs that naturally shaded the house in summer while letting in winter sun, it already had a touch of energy-savvy design. But for decades, one dream remained out of reach: solar panels.

“It’s something I’ve wanted since the 1970s,” Tannis says. “Back then, it wasn’t affordable, but I always hoped one day it would be possible.”

That dream came to life thanks to Guelph Greener Homes, delivered by the City of Guelph. The program gave the couple the financial flexibility to pursue a deep retrofit of their home.

Aerial view of home in wooded area with new solar panels on its roof.

 

Tackling a deep retrofit

Tannis and Mark decided to make the most of the program, bundling several major upgrades into a single project. They installed a rooftop solar power system—10.4 kilowatts of panels paired with a 10-kilowatt inverter—large enough to cover most of their household electricity needs and even supply power back to the grid. They also added a cold-climate air-source heat pump that can operate efficiently even during Ontario’s cold winters, and switched out their water heater, dryer, and range for electric models. They also bought an electric vehicle, making their household nearly fossil-fuel free.

The solar installation was especially meaningful. “It was turnkey,” says Tannis. “The contractor took care of everything—the permits, the inspections, the coordination. It couldn’t have been easier.”

A smooth program experience

The couple first heard about Guelph Greener Homes through local media and applied right away. The program’s structure—zero-interest loans repaid overtime through their property tax bill, combined with available rebates—made it financially manageable.

They also appreciated the program’s design. While a bridging loan was required to cover the contractor deposits and final payments, the reimbursement process was remarkably quick and efficient. “It was a matter of days from submitting receipts to receiving a cheque from the city,” says Tannis.

“We were impressed with how fast it all moved,” says Mark. “From the time we applied to the time the work was complete, it felt seamless.”

Comfort and efficiency gains

The impact of the upgrades was immediate. Their three-storey home, once prone to hot and cold spots, is now consistently comfortable throughout the year. “The temperature is even on every floor,” Tannis explains. “And in summer, the solar panels keep the roof cooler, so the house stays more comfortable too.”

Their energy bills tell the same story. Compared to their 12-year average, household energy use has dropped by 85 percent. With the solar panels generating much of their electricity, overall costs have fallen by more than 60 percent—and that includes charging their electric car. “In reality, it’s probably closer to 70 percent,” Mark says.

Climate change, close to home

For Tannis and Mark, the decision to retrofit wasn’t just about bills or comfort. Their motivation was deeply personal, rooted in lived experience with the impacts of climate change.

“We’ve had friends and family members under threat of evacuation from wildfires in Kelowna and Moncton, while those in Winnipeg were too close for comfort,” says Tannis. “When it touches people you love, it stops being abstract. That’s when we knew we wanted to take action in our own lives.”

The upgrades have also inspired those around them. “Friends and family see what we’ve done, and it sparks conversations,” Mark adds. “It shows that these changes aren’t just possible—they’re worthwhile.”

Side view of new heat pump installed in a brick house.

 

Advice for other homeowners

Looking back, Tannis and Mark encourage others to do their homework. “Contractors are knowledgeable, but in order to make the right choice for you when comparing quotes, it helps if you are knowledgeable too,” Tannis says. “It’s important to research and ask the right questions.”

They also recommend thinking about timing and long-term planning. “If you’re considering solar, make sure your roof is in good shape first,” Mark advises. “And pay attention to the specifications of the heat pump so you know it will perform in your climate.”

Most importantly, they stress the role of programs like Guelph Greener Homes. “Without the loan and rebates, we couldn’t have done this all at once,” says Tannis. “These programs are what make it possible for families to make meaningful upgrades.”

Investing in the future

Today, Tannis and Mark are living in the kind of home they once only imagined: powered by the sun, heated and cooled efficiently, and designed for a climate resilient future. For them, it’s more than just a home improvement project—it’s an investment in the well-being of future generations.

“It feels good,” Mark says. “This was a dream we had for decades, and now it’s real. We’re proud of what we’ve done—not just for ourselves, but for our children and grandchildren.”

Want to explore all GMF-funded projects? Check out the Projects Database for a complete overview of funded projects and get inspired by municipalities of all sizes, across Canada.

Visit the projects database

When Adam and his family moved into their Guelph home in 2023, they knew one big project was looming. The furnace was nearly two decades old and unlikely to last much longer. Adam, who had already installed a heat pump in his previous home, hoped to avoid simply replacing the aging system with another conventional furnace.

“We’d already been through the process once,” Adam recalls. “We knew about the audits, the rebates, and the loans. When the furnace died that first fall, it just accelerated our timelines.”

Finding the right fit

That timing led Adam to Guelph Greener Homes, delivered by the City of Guelph. The program helps homeowners make energy upgrades by combining rebates, zero-interest loans, and technical support.

For Adam, the program was a perfect match. “It was really the combination of cost and environmental impact,” he explains. “In milder weather, the home runs on the efficient heat pump, which is better economically and environmentally.”

Through Guelph Greener Homes, Adam replaced the aging furnace and air conditioner with a new heat pump that now supplies most of the family’s heating and cooling needs, with a secondary system available for the very coldest days. He also swapped out the natural gas water tank for a tankless unit and looked at options like solar panels, a heat pump water heater, and an energy recovery ventilator (ERV). Some of those upgrades would have required an electrical panel upgrade, so Adam decided to focus first on the heat pump and ERV.

New heat pump on the side of a brick house in a small community.

 

A straightforward process

Having been through retrofit programs before, Adam says Guelph’s program stood out for its ease. “The city was responsive to questions, the portal was easy to use, and the communication was clear,” he says. He was also surprised by how inclusive the program felt. “Some items we weren’t sure would qualify—like the ERV—ended up being covered. That was a nice surprise.”

The program also allows participants to request part of the loan upfront to help with contractor deposits. Adam says that option can make a big difference for homeowners who might not be able to pay contractors before rebates or loans come through. “That’s where the program really helps,” he says.

Rebate funding through Enbridge took longer—several months and two rounds of energy audits—but the Guelph Greener Homes loan moved quickly. “It was about a month from submitting everything in the portal to having the money in my account,” Adam says.

Comfort without compromise

Since installing the new system, Adam says the day-to-day experience feels seamless. “We just set the thermostat, and it decides which equipment to use based on outdoor temperature,” he explains. “From our perspective, it feels just like having a normal furnace. The difference is what’s happening behind the scenes.”

Bills are harder to compare—the family moved into a bigger house and bought an electric vehicle around the same time—but Adam believes the upgrades have lowered their reliance on fossil fuels significantly. “We expect our energy costs are lower than they would have been,” he says. “And overall, the savings outweigh the increased electricity consumption”

Lessons learned

Looking back, Adam says there are a few things he would encourage other homeowners to keep in mind. The first is to get multiple quotes. “At our old house, one contractor didn’t even seem to know what a heat pump was. Another came in, looked around, and knew exactly what to do. Without asking the right questions, you can end up with an outdated system,” he explains.

He also stresses the importance of planning upgrades before equipment fails. “If your furnace is on its last legs, don’t wait for it to break. Planning ahead gives you more options,” he says.

Finally, Adam encourages homeowners to think about the bigger picture when scheduling upgrades. For example, if you’re considering solar panels, it’s important to ensure the roof is in good condition first. “You don’t want to install panels if you’ll need to replace the shingles in a few years,” he adds.

A program that lowers barriers

One of the program’s biggest advantages, Adam says, is that the loan is tied to the property tax bill rather than the individual. That means if you sell your home before the loan is fully repaid, the next homeowner simply continues the payments. “You’re not left paying for upgrades that someone else is benefiting from,” he explains.

It’s a model he believes could work across Canada. “Being able to repay your loan through your property tax bill makes it simple—just one less thing to manage. And the environmental benefits are clear. It just makes sense.”

Want to explore all GMF-funded projects? Check out the Projects Database for a complete overview of funded projects and get inspired by municipalities of all sizes, across Canada.

Visit the projects database

Climate change has a significant impact on the water cycle and sea levels, resulting in long-term and extreme weather events like flooding, increased precipitation and droughts. To address water-related risks and vulnerabilities worsened by climate change, communities from coast to coast to coast are adapting their infrastructure design and planning processes.

Your municipality needs reliable climate data and projections to effectively adapt to local climate challenges. To help you make sense of climate data, our Municipalities for Climate Innovation Program (MCIP) partnered with the Canadian Center for Climate Services (CCCS) to develop a series of five case studies to explore how small and medium sized municipalities used data to improve their resilience. In the case studies, you’ll discover:  

  • the importance of climate data
  • how to integrate existing climate data as you develop different types of plans  
  • ways to access and track local data for the benefit of your entire municipality
  • essential climate data portals local governments can access to find local climate projections
  • examples of how municipalities across Canada are responding to past and future climate impacts that jeopardize their communities
  • resources relating to identifying climate vulnerabilities in your community
  • the role climate data plays in identifying risks and developing adaptation strategies
A row of tall office buildings and apartments sit on the waterfront by a long bridge at sunset.

 

Grand Forks, British Columbia: Strengthening flood resilience

Find out how the City of Grand Forks is using climate data and state of the art flood models to guide their resilient recovery following significant flooding in 2018.

L’Islet, Quebec: Developing a community climate action plan

Learn about the community’s approach to identify how the climate hazards they are facing will change into the future, and how they are preparing.

Saint John, New Brunswick: Adapting to floods and storm surges

Read about Saint John’s concurrent community and infrastructure climate risk assessments, and how the city is working to safeguard citizens and services.

Quinte Conservation, Ontario: Enhancing community drought resilience

Discover how a conservation authority is pairing climate projections and condition monitoring to identify and prepare for drought conditions, and what the 18 involved municipalities will do when identified thresholds are exceeded.

Windsor, Ontario: Integrating climate change adaptation into municipal planning

Learn about Windsor’s approach to mainstreaming climate change into decision-making across the organization by implementing a council report climate lens.  

Who is this case study series for?

This case study series was developed for municipal staff in small and medium sized communities who have positions as asset managers, climate change staff, engineers, planners and water/stormwater coordinators.

What’s next

Resources to help you to continue your community’s adaptation journey

Talking it through: Guide for local government staff on climate adaptation

Video series: Climate in focus

 

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These case studies were created for the Municipal Climate Services Collaborative (MCSC), a joint initiative of the Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) and the Canadian Centre for Climate Services (CCCS). The MCSC draws on the expertise of local governments, Provincial and Territorial Associations and expert organizations representing each region of Canada to develop resources that facilitate the use of climate information local government decision-making.

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Featured Resources

Climate-Ready Communities Assessment Tool

Assess your community’s climate adaptation efforts and discover actionable steps to improve resilience

Read more

Course: Building climate resilience with asset management

How to protect municipal infrastructure from climate hazards

Read more

Factsheet: Why equity matters in municipal climate adaptation

Explore the importance of taking on equity-centred climate adaptation work

Read more

The Green Municipal Fund’s Community Efficiency Financing (CEF) initiative is helping municipalities make home energy upgrades accessible and affordable. By reducing emissions, improving energy efficiency, and lowering monthly bills, CEF is bringing environmental sustainability and household affordability together in impactful ways.

Launched in 2020 as a six-year, $300-million initiative, CEF has already supported more than 40 municipal programs across eight provinces—resulting in over 4,400 home retrofits.

This article series highlights innovative local approaches that are empowering homeowners to cut energy costs, boost comfort and invest in a cleaner, more sustainable future.

Aerial view of a treelined residential neighbourhood.

 

Articles in the series

Calgary homeowner turns to solar to power her home and future
When a Calgary couple bought their 1958 bungalow, they found higher energy bills than expected. A loan through the City’s Clean Energy Improvement Program helped them install energy-saving upgrades that made their home more comfortable and affordable.

Efficiency that works for families: Comfort and savings made simple
In Colchester, Nova Scotia, a single mother of three used the Cozy Colchester program to install energy-saving upgrades without upfront costs. The result: a warmer home and lower bills.

From oil to efficiency: One Saanich homeowner’s path to cleaner heating
A flyer from the District of Saanich led one homeowner to switch from oil to a cleaner, more efficient system through the municipality’s home retrofit pilot—showing how local programs make participation simple and accessible.

From upgrades to peace of mind: One rural family’s path to efficiency
After moving to rural Nova Scotia, one family found comfort and savings through Cozy Colchester’s Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) program, which offers low-interest loans for energy retrofits with flexible repayment.

How one Saskatoon family transformed their home with energy upgrades
A south-facing garage roof made one Saskatoon home perfect for solar. Through the city’s Home Energy Loan Program, the homeowners added solar panels, a heat pump, and insulation—boosting comfort and savings.

Investing in a brighter, more resilient future
In Guelph, a 1970s home went through a full transformation: solar panels, an all-electric heating system, and modern appliances—financed through the city’s Guelph Greener Homes program.

Turning an energy upgrade into everyday comfort
Also in Guelph, another homeowner used Guelph Greener Homes to replace an aging furnace with an efficient hybrid system—showing how flexible financing and expert support make energy upgrades achievable.

Want to explore all GMF-funded projects? Check out the Projects Database for a complete overview of funded projects and get inspired by municipalities of all sizes, across Canada.

Visit the projects database

Pagination

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