Solid waste management in Canadian municipalities: A snapshotExpanding responsibility for producers to include the post-consumer stage of their products is a key solution for financial and environmental sustainability in the waste sector. That’s one finding of this Green Municipal Fund (GMF) report highlighting waste sector trends, key factors affecting municipalities’ ability to drive change, and best practices with economic, social and environmental benefits.

This snapshot focuses on practices that fall into four categories:

  • circular economy approaches
  • new technologies
  • integrated solid waste programming
  • mandatory and economic instruments

The City of Beaconsfield, QC provides an example of the last category. They piloted a highly successful pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste collection system that allows people to choose a smaller bin or less frequent pick-up and save money in the process. The results: 50 percent less landfill waste and cost savings of 40 percent to the municipality.

In addition to the emphasis on extended producer responsibility (EPR), the report draws several other conclusions, including:

  • Global partnerships among large municipalities will continue to drive change.
  • Organics diversion is becoming more mainstream and has the potential for significant emission reductions.
  • Public awareness and targeted education in the industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) sector can facilitate success with new projects.

Find more details, examples and conclusions in the report.

About the Green Municipal Fund

The Green Municipal Fund is a $1 billion program, delivered by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities and funded by the Government of Canada. Through its unique mix of training, resources and funding, GMF fuels local initiatives that build better lives for millions of Canadians while tackling pressing environmental and climate challenges.

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$103K in energy cost savings forecast every year

Energy savings

Over 1 million equivalent kilowatt hours in energy savings forecast every year

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18 energy retrofit projects since 2015

Background and context

Canadian municipalities are always looking for new ways to save money while meeting their sustainability goals. The Town of Caledon, Ontario, is no different. In 2015, it instituted a Corporate Energy Revolving (CER) Fund to finance energy upgrades around the town, using an initial seed investment of $147K derived from solar installation revenue and repurposing unused funds from another energy-related project.

Since then, the fund has sustained itself using revenue from three town-owned solar sites, energy incentives and a portion of the energy cost savings from previous CER Fund projects. As new initiatives are funded and launched, the self-sustaining (or “revolving”) cycle continues, independent of the annual municipal budget process and without relying on municipal taxpayer dollars.  

The CER Fund is Caledon’s innovative and scalable solution to implementing energy efficiency measures without incurring significant upfront costs.  

Process: Selecting projects

Caledon’s Corporate Energy Team, made up of corporate and community facilities staff, manages the fund. The team meets quarterly to discuss energy performance in the town’s facilities, identify opportunities to conserve energy and develop business cases to determine if potential projects fit the fund’s selection criteria, namely that the project:  

  • falls within the fund’s budget
  • reduces energy use and greenhouse gas emissions  
  • has a simple payback of 10 years or less
  • forecasts savings or incentives that can be returned to the fund after implementation  

These projects are then recommended to council.

Results

Funded projects generally tend to focus on energy reduction initiatives or pilots for new technologies, which are seen as ways to take immediate action on energy conservation and decarbonization. Since the fund’s inception, projects have included converting fluorescent lighting to LEDs, installing pool drain water heat recovery, upgrading controls for ice rinks and piloting cold-water ice-resurfacing technology in arenas.  

Caledon has recently started to explore opportunities for rapid decarbonization and investment in larger projects, such as switching from traditional gas-fired equipment to electric or heat pumps. For these more capital-intensive projects, the town may consider cost-sharing with the Facilities capital budget or using the CER Fund to cover incremental capital costs of moving to a lower-carbon technology. To that end, the fund’s selection criteria will be updated to focus on projects that reduce emissions.

Keys to success

  • Having an active corporate energy program and targeted efforts by the Corporate Energy Team to embed strategic energy management throughout town operations.  
  • Using a detailed analysis of data from funded projects to evaluate success, quantify energy savings and highlight performance improvements.
  • Giving out recognition awards to acknowledge the efforts of facility staff to implement energy conservation projects.
  • Showcasing successful projects to spur the identification of new projects that in turn continue to grow the fund.
caledon centre

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Community Buildings Retrofit initiative

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Want to explore all GMF-funded projects? Check out the Projects Database for a complete overview of funded projects and get inspired by municipalities of all sizes, across Canada.

Visit the projects database

The construction sector generates over 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions. In Quebec, it produces more than 3.5 million tonnes of residual materials annually, yet only 25% are recycled or recovered. Transitioning to a circular economy requires rethinking production and consumption models while optimizing existing resources to address climate and resource challenges. 

To tackle these issues, the Centre d’études et de recherches intersectorielles en économie circulaire (CERIEC) develops innovative circular strategies to reduce waste and improve sustainability in the construction sector. CERIEC launched the Lab Construction, a three-year research and innovation initiative (2021–2024), delivering 19 projects through co-creation and field experimentation. These projects provide practical tools, share knowledge and create real-world solutions that enhance Quebec’s construction landscape. 

This factsheet page offers resources to help municipalities, industry professionals and policymakers adopt circular construction practices. These insights highlight the environmental, economic and social benefits of circularity, including waste reduction, lower greenhouse gas emissions and optimized resource use. If you want to integrate sustainable practices into your construction projects, our resources will equip you with the knowledge and tools to take action. 

Deconstruction for reuse: Municipalities in the Gaspésie region lead by example 

Municipalities have a unique opportunity to reduce construction, renovation and demolition waste, which significantly contributes to landfill overflow and greenhouse gas emissions. By embracing strategic deconstruction initiatives such as salvaging wood, metal and concrete, communities can recover valuable materials with cost-effective solutions and advance sustainability goals. 

A pilot project in two Gaspésie communities—Grande-Rivière and Chandler in eastern Quebec—showcases how municipalities can successfully apply circular economy principles to end-of-life buildings. By prioritizing material reuse, these communities have cut waste, generated revenue and inspired broader adoption of deconstruction practices. 

The Federation of Canadian Municipalities (FCM) has also contributed to the project, reinforcing its commitment to supporting initiatives that promote sustainable development in Canadian communities. 

Why choose deconstruction? 

  • Reduce landfill waste and extend material lifespan 
  • Cut emissions by minimizing transportation and new material production 
  • Save money through material resale and reduced disposal fees 
  • Boost local economies by creating jobs in sustainable construction 

The factsheet above offers municipalities step-by-step strategies to integrate deconstruction into their building projects. Learn how to plan material recovery, train contractors and implement policies that support long-term sustainability. 

Download the factsheet and start transforming waste into opportunity!

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Featured resources

Guide: Taking your indoor ice rink to net zero

Learn how to develop an actionable roadmap to net zero ice rinks

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Guide: Taking your indoor swimming pool to net zero

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Guide: Equity and non-energy benefits of community building retrofits

Explore how retrofits can build more equitable and resilient municipalities.

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