Summary

The District of Saanich, B.C., wanted to increase electric bike (e-bike) usage in the community to help lower transportation emissions and reach its climate goals. To do so, staff created an income-tiered pilot program, winner of the 2024 Sustainable Communities Awards in the transportation category, that they designed together with external partners to support residents in purchasing e-bikes. The program produced significant results: not only did it reduce emissions, but it helped participants save money in an equitable way, too. The program and its findings have prompted other jurisdictions, including the Province of B.C., to run similar initiatives to incentivize e-bike ownership and use. 

“We wanted to test whether an e-bike incentive program would be effective at reducing GHG emissions from personal transportation while delivering important co-benefits to our community such as increasing healthy activity levels and improving affordability. We found that it did!” 

– Judy Brownoff, Councillor and Sustainability & Climate Action Advisory Committee Chair, District of Saanich 

Background

The District of Saanich on southern Vancouver Island has committed to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50 percent by 2030 from their 2007 baseline. The District recognized the high potential of e-bikes to replace car trips and help reduce transportation emissions given their major benefits—for instance, they make it easier to use a bike for long trips, for routes with steep hills and for hauling young children and cargo while also being convenient, affordable and energy-efficient. District staff wanted to explore ways to get more residents using e-bikes for their day-to-day transportation needs and to determine the potential for e-bikes to offset GHG emissions.

The challenge

The challenge for Saanich was threefold:  

• Environmentally, transportation is its largest source of GHG emissions.
• Economically, transportation is one of the top three expenses for the average household in the District.
• Socially, staff were interested in developing climate solutions that centred community equity.

The approach

Saanich developed its incentive pilot program as a tool to support residents in purchasing e-bikes. The first of its kind in the province, the program offered financial incentives of between $350 and $1,600 in three income-based tiers. Residents who were unable to complete the online application at home received additional support in submitting their requests.

Equity was an ongoing key component of the program, as staff gathered data to study its effectiveness and suggest means of improvement. The District partnered with the Greater Victoria Community Social Planning Council and the University of British Columbia’s Research on Active Transportation (REACT) Lab to develop the pilot and measure its impact in detail.  

Results

Saanich’s e-bike incentive program proved to be very popular. The District distributed a total of 389 incentives with at least 100 in each of the three income-based tiers. Of participants, 93 percent were new to e-bikes and 60 percent new to cycling entirely. The pilot received a great deal of media coverage, in part due to its research findings. Some specific results include:

Environmental:

• GHG emissions reduced by 1,569 tCO2e (without marginality) and 765 tCO2e (with marginality adjustment) for the program as a whole.
• Vehicle travel reduced by 3,599,434 km (without marginality) and 1,746,616 km (with marginality adjustment) for the program as a whole.
• Vehicle kilometres travelled and GHG emissions from vehicles had decreased by an average of 38 percent by the one-year mark. This number was higher for applicants in the lowest income tier.
• E-bikes were used often to replace vehicle trips. Users in the study rode their e-bikes three to four days per week on average, covering 30 to 70 kilometres per week. Again, this was highest for applicants in the lowest income tier.
• The program prompted the District to become a drop-off site for recycling e-mobility batteries, reducing the risk of pollution from improper disposal of used batteries.

Economic:

• The reduction in vehicle trips has delivered cost savings for residents. Low-income residents who participated in focus groups said not only that they did not feel financially burdened by their e-bike purchase, but that their e-bike delivered savings when they used it instead of driving or using public transit.
• Each rebate induced an average of $813 in new consumer spending for bike stores. This translates to $1.31 in spending per $1 in rebates, most of which went to local small businesses.  

“The incentives prompted new climate-friendly behaviours that would not have otherwise occurred.”

– Rebecca Newlove, Manager of Sustainability, District of Saanich

Social:

• Participants received greater enjoyment from their e-bikes than expected, and that satisfaction lasted through the 12 months of the study.
• Participants increased their outdoor time and physical activity, both of which may contribute toward improved health and connection with nature and their community.
• The focus on equity and removing income barriers resulted in increased participant diversity on a number of metrics including ethnicity, newcomer to Canada status, disability status, gender and age.

Saanich’s pilot program has also served as a template for other jurisdictions, including the Province of B.C., which ran a highly popular e-bike rebate program in 2023 that was based upon the Saanich pilot.  

Lessons learned

Incentives that overcame cost barriers for lower-income households were found to be more effective at lowering emissions, and they did so in a more cost-effective way.  

Supporting e-bike purchases is only one component of promoting active, low-emission transportation. Land use planning and infrastructure design—such as creating bike lanes that are more accessible—are also important when it comes to boosting e-bike use and meeting climate targets.

Quotes

“The e-bikes were not just a novelty used for fun and recreation. They are heavily replacing car trips, with the largest share of e-bike trips used for commuting to work or school.” 

– Glenys Verhulst, Sustainability Specialist, District of Saanich

“We hope that 10 years from now, most participants will still be getting around by e-bike and encouraging their friends and families to also choose e-bikes for more trips, resulting in widespread e-bike adoption as a climate-friendly, convenient and affordable transportation option.” 

– Mayor Dean Murdock, District of Saanich 

Summary

As part of its socio-ecological transition, Ville de Longueuil adopted its plan for protecting and preserving natural areas (PPCMN) in 2023. It aims to expand its protected natural areas by 1,500 hectares to reach 21% of its territory by 2030. The objective of the project is to increase Longueuil’s resilience to climate change and offer its citizens greater access to green spaces. The project won a 2024 Sustainable Communities Award in the natural assets category from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities.

Background

Located in Quebec, on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Montérégie, Longueuil has a population of over 267,000. It is known for the diversity of its natural areas: the St. Lawrence River and its islands, its large nature parks, its numerous urban parks and green spaces, its waterways and watersheds. These sites are rich in biodiversity and provide a habitat for numerous species, including the Western chorus frog.

The challenge

The Ville de Longueuil’s PPCMN addresses the following challenges:

Environmental:

To increase its resilience to the effects of climate change, it plans to:

• multiply “cool islands” and increase access to nature
• improve biodiversity by protecting species and habitats
• reduce GHGs
• improve air and water quality
• boost resilience to heat waves and heavy rains

Economic:

To reconcile the development of its territory with the protection of its natural environments, Longueuil intends to:

• stagger investments of $5 million a year to restore and develop natural environments
• tap into other forms of revenue to finance its actions, including federal funds through Nature-Action Québec and the Montreal Metropolitan Community’s green and blue infrastructure program
• develop innovative ways of financing the actions included in the plan, including through eco-taxes

Social:

By giving its residents greater access to natural environments, Longueuil intends to:  

• break people’s isolation
• reduce stress and improve health
• mitigate the impacts of climate change on people, including those who are vulnerable
• create wealth for the community

The approach

Driven by a strong political will, Longueuil is implementing its plan for protecting and preserving natural areas using a three-tier governance structure.

1. The Municipal Council monitors progress and provides direction.
2. The general manager ensures that actions carried out by the various departments are coherent.
3. Technical committees implement actions according to the following topics:
   1. conservation and acquisition
   2. regulatory redesign
   3. communications
   4. urban infrastructure and water management

In addition, the Ville de Longueuil’s environmental advisory committee, whose members are elected officials and citizens, provides input at several stages during the plan’s development and implementation.

The municipality also shares its conservation objectives and guidelines with neighbouring municipalities (Brossard, Boucherville, Saint-Lambert and Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville) to expand the scope of its actions.

This inclusive and innovative approach involves regional stakeholders in a common project that benefits the environment and mobilizes the entire population.  

“As local governments, municipalities are on the front lines of the effects of the climate crisis. They also have a responsibility to act and to make forward-looking decisions. Protecting 1,500 hectares of natural habitat to conserve 21% of the land is the greatest legacy we can leave to future generations.”  

- Catherine Fournier, Mayor of the City of Longueuil

Longueuil is also a member of Réseau Environnement’s Biodiversity Excellence Program, through which it shares its knowledge and numerous biodiversity protection indicators with nearly 20 municipal organizations.

Lastly, Longueuil has geomatics data and tools available to track the progress of the plan in real time. It has put a feedback loop in place to incorporate the updating of scientific data as it becomes available.

Results

The teams are making progress on the various measures in the PPCMN, with an important first milestone coming up in 2025. They are currently drafting the first annual review.

The PPCMN has already produced a number of significant benefits by:

• Stimulating local and regional stakeholders to get behind common policy directions and objectives.
• Providing a common thread for municipal actions aimed at protecting the natural environment, including planning exercises, policies and strategies for Longueuil’s ecological transition.
• Ensuring visibility by anticipating and planning development, so everyone to knows what to expect.
• Taking concrete action, since the municipality already acquired 2.9 hectares of additional natural habitat in the spring of 2024. They are located in a woodlot for which the municipality wants to obtain the status of wildlife sanctuary. They represent an investment of more than $2 million, 70% of which comes from the Montreal Metropolitan Community and the Government of Quebec.

Next steps

With the PPCMN in its first year, a committee made up of members from more than seven municipal departments are implementing the next steps, including:

• updating bylaws
• informing stakeholders
• evaluating selected conservation strategies

A number of indicators used in the decision-making process inform these next steps. In the coming months, Longueuil will develop a dashboard so that its residents can track the PPCMN’s progress. 

Summary

The Region of Durham wanted a better understanding of how vulnerable its transportation network was to future flooding, so staff performed a flood risk assessment to aid in future decision-making and resilience planning. The assessment is a 2024 Sustainable Communities Awards winner in the Reconciliation and anti-racism, equity and inclusion (AREI) category thanks to its innovative use of a social equity lens to ensure that transportation planning considers the needs of more-vulnerable communities. The Region is now using this risk assessment to help inform asset management priorities and has shared its work to be replicated elsewhere.

The challenge  

The Region of Durham, located east of Toronto, encompasses eight rural and urban municipalities with a total population of about 750,000 that is predicted to grow to 1.3 million by 2051. Durham experiences regular flooding and projections for the region indicate upcoming surges in storm severity and frequency, winter rain and freeze-thaw cycles.  

By conducting flood risk assessments, the region can plan for protective measures to make its 2,500 lane kilometres of roads and 250 bridges and culverts more resilient to potential flooding. Other specific challenges Durham wanted to address include:

• The high cost of maintaining transportation infrastructure and dealing with the effects of flooding. Having as much data as possible to set priorities helps keep budgets efficient over the long term.
• The effects of flooding that worsen existing inequities, such as when residents lose transportation options that are already limited.

The approach

Durham worked with multiple partners including local conservation authorities and municipalities to gather and analyze already existing flood- and climate-related data as well as output from climate prediction tools. Staff with practical experience dealing with flood impacts were included in the process.

Social equity was not initially part of the project. However, staff quickly realized it was needed and worked with Durham Social Services and the Durham Region Health Department to build it in.

“Not all communities are equally prepared to deal with climate change, so the equity lens is very important.” 

– Mani Rajendran, Senior Project Manager, Transportation Design and Chair, Transportation Resilience, Region of Durham 

Together, they built a scoring system for the assessment. The idea was to better prioritize flood-vulnerable roads near communities that already face multiple barriers and might need additional assistance during flood events due to limited accessibility, mobility, support networks, financial resources or other issues. The Region’s social services and health teams contributed with community health and social equity indicators including low-income, unemployment, mental health, Indigenous population, visible minorities and seniors living alone. This information was scored and averaged by neighbourhood and then added to the overall score of nearby transportation assets. This gave planners relevant details on equity-related needs.

While considering the socioeconomic impacts of road network flooding, the assessments also prioritized the community’s most critical transportation routes, which include:  

• major commuter routes
• transit routes
• goods-movement routes
• remote communities that do not have alternative access routes
• those serving essential facilities such as hospitals, child care, schools, retirement homes, emergency services, power plants and community services.

The solutions and results

Durham’s completed assessments identify vulnerable water crossings and roads under current and future flood scenarios. This information will help staff and elected officials make data-driven decisions on improving the transportation system’s adaptive capacity and resilience. Specific results include:

Environmental:

• A better understanding of high-priority assets for mitigation work to reduce the overall impact of flooding both on infrastructure and on nearby communities.
• Better flood risk data now available to numerous conservation authorities and local governments thanks to a collaborative approach.  
• Predicted reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from stalled vehicles due to fewer road closures and delays thanks to improved management of transportation assets.

Economic:

• Reduced financial and legal risk to the Region.
• Better, data-informed decisions on how to plan for flooding will lead to cost savings from vehicle traffic delays and disruptions thanks to fewer road closures.
• Increased budgetary efficiency:  
  • Routes that are already sufficiently protected have been identified, freeing up resources for other areas.
  • Climate change impacts and adaptation measures can more accurately be considered in infrastructure financing, resulting in more strategic and forward-thinking decision-making.

Social:

• A better understanding of how to reduce the socioeconomic impacts of flooding on road networks.
• Equity-oriented prioritization of roads for future resilience measures, including those identified as designated transit routes.

Lessons learned

By collaborating with conservation authorities, local municipalities and experienced consultants, the Region was able to leverage and analyze existing data to create predictions and assess risk without having to gather new data or develop new climate models. This close collaboration model has also had the benefit of obtaining early buy-in from all partners and the ability to team up to push initiatives forward.

Flood risk data is now incorporated into the Region’s corporate asset management information systems, which enables transportation infrastructure project managers to more easily consider options to improve flood-vulnerable locations using a scientific and systematic process.  

One factor that helped the project succeed was support from organizational leadership, who were able to ensure the risk assessment was seen as a priority by everyone involved.

“It doesn’t have to be all or nothing. We don’t have to build big, expensive bridges to solve the problem or do nothing because of lack of funding—we can build relief culverts to solve most of the problem or buy time.”

– Mani Rajendran, Senior Project Manager, Transportation Design and Chair, Transportation Resilience, Region of Durham 

Next steps

Durham’s flood risk assessment process has been replicated several times elsewhere, including by the Central Lake Ontario Conservation Authority and the Ganaraska Region Conservation Authority, and has inspired work in other Canadian municipalities as well.  

Internal next steps include developing guidance and training materials for decision-makers and staff on how to use the data, and beginning an assessment of emergency and evacuation routes.

The Region is exploring how to use socioeconomic mapping in other areas, such as for home retrofit programs, while feeding the flood risk assessment data into decision-making such as finding safe sites for hazardous waste facilities. In addition, staff are cross-referencing the Region’s risk assessment and current 10-year capital plan to inform the design for community-centric transportation needs and priorities, such as key flood-vulnerable road segments and road crossings. 

Summary 

As part of ongoing efforts to adapt to the intensifying impacts of coastal flooding, the Comox Valley Regional District (CVRD) is redeveloping Dyke Road Park by removing failing hard infrastructure and invasive plants in favour of native species and visitor amenities with minimal impact on the surrounding environment, all with input and support from the K’ómoks First Nation. This nature-based solution project is a 2024 Sustainable Communities Awards winner in the climate adaptation category due to its efforts in making the shoreline more resilient to flooding and boosting biodiversity while improving user experience and showcasing Green Shores principles. 

Background 

The CVRD, on the east coast of Vancouver Island, encompasses the communities of Comox, Courtenay and Cumberland as well as Indigenous land of the K’ómoks First Nation.  

Land within the CVRD is highly susceptible to flooding and erosion from extreme rainfall events, high tides, storm surges and rising sea levels. Flood hazard mapping developed in 2021 identified areas at particular risk including Comox Road, which connects Comox, Courtenay and the K’ómoks First Nation and has experienced flooding in the past. This area includes Dyke Road Park, which is located between Comox Road and the K’ómoks Estuary.

The CVRD has been a member since 2017 of the Stewardship Centre of BC’s Green Shores Local Government Working Group, which promotes nature-based solutions for better shoreline management. 

The challenge 

Dyke Road Park and its environs were identified as a high-risk area for flooding that would benefit from key adaptation measures. Before getting started, CVRD identified other challenges that would need to be addressed as well. 

Environmental: 

• The park’s concrete bird-watching platform was acting as a hardened shoreline. This type of infrastructure diverts wave energy and disrupts natural processes, which can cause erosion.
• As an estuary site with connections to both a river and the ocean, the area is important for biodiversity. CVRD recognized the potential to host improved habitat for a variety of plants and wildlife, including salmon, as well as to showcase Green Shores principles as a demonstration site. 

Social: 

• The K’ómoks estuary is a culturally significant and sacred place to the K’ómoks First Nation.  
• Dyke Road Park was already on the list for upgrades to make it safer and more enjoyable for the community: the bird-watching platform’s foundation was beginning to crack, and the CVRD wanted to improve parking and lessen road noise.

The approach 

Elements of the project include: 

• removing invasive plants and planting native species such as sedge meadows
• creating a new tidal channel.
• removing the bird-watching platform and its concrete foundation.
• installing infrastructure such as elevated boardwalks and signage to improve the visitor experience.
• implementing a design aimed at resilience to projected flood levels and events up to the year 2100.  

The project’s technical advisory committee includes subject matter experts and representatives from a number of land use authorities. All participants contributed toward the preliminary design concepts, final schematic design and implementation plan. For example, the K’ómoks Guardian Watchmen, a group of First Nations environmental stewards, provided guidance on archeologically sensitive areas and ensured habitat restoration was a key objective in park design and implementation. They are also participating in invasive species removal, rare plant salvage and project monitoring.

“Making time for meaningful relationships has been a huge part of making the vision cohesive.” 

– Robyn Holme, Manager of Long Range Planning and Sustainability, CVRD

This nature-based solution incorporates Green Shores principles such as life-cycle thinking, a whole-system approach, increasing public access and understanding the site’s ecology, geomorphology and coastal processes. Green Shores is a scoring system that awards points based on how many goals are met. The CVRD is aiming for Gold certification by achieving as many targets as possible, and intends for the site to help educate the public on the benefits of the Green Shores approach and encourage owners of coastal homes to implement Green Shores principles on their own properties. 

Expected results 

The project is still in progress and on track to be completed in 2025. Expected results include:  

Environmental: 

• Restoring natural ecological processes and critical habitat for salmon and other species, thereby boosting both biodiversity and flood resilience and reducing erosion.
• Reducing human impact on natural areas thanks to boardwalks and other directional infrastructure. 

Economic: 

• Lowering future costs due to flooding of Comox Road and its vicinity. 

“This project really helps people understand what flood resilience can look like.” 

– Robyn Holme, Manager of Long Range Planning and Sustainability, CVRD

Social: 

• A public education opportunity that uses signage to highlight the area’s Indigenous culture, history and ecology and showcase how nature-based solutions can protect communities from flooding.
• An improved park experience for users, including less road noise, better accessibility and new viewing platforms. 

Lessons learned

An early approach to internal coordination at the CVRD turned out to be a win-win, as they were able to time work on the park with planned road closures due to a sewer conveyance project that was already going to prevent public access to the park for more than a year. Park staff scheduled landscaping work so that new plants will have a full year to establish before public access is restored.

Involving multiple partners increased scope and resulted in a much more complex project. This turned out to be a benefit as the added scope improved overall impact and partners were able to apply for a variety of funding opportunities, which helped to cover the higher costs, though the increased scope also required a solid understanding of roles and responsibilities to keep things moving. The collaborative approach also helped to strengthen relationships between partners and contribute toward a coordinated approach to a number of restoration projects in the estuary. 

Next steps 

Construction is still in progress, with upcoming steps including boardwalk installation and parking improvements and reopening planned for late 2025. The team is working on a project record that will serve as a road map for other communities wanting to undertake similar endeavours.